10 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... Infection: Infective Endocarditis ... Aortic Aneurysms and ... #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Physiologic Causes ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
mobility, thickened and ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve thrombus ... #differential #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Mitral Regurgitation ... primary mitral regurgitation ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

RCM is a disease of diastole —> severe
Though this case ... might look like asd ... An ASD with atria ... echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
commonest congenital cause ... of tricuspid regurgitation ... with an atrial ... Echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c