17 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... Regurgitation #differential ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... atrium on Echocardiogram ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... a4c #Echocardiogram
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Nonischemic MR: Dilated ... results in MR from dilated ... #Functional #Differential
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... calcification - Age-related ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Causes of Ischemic ... Stroke - Differential ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... Prosthetic valve • Endocarditis ... • Dilated cardiomyopathy
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

RCM is a disease of diastole —> severe
Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram ... Though this case ... might look like asd ... An ASD with atria ... #cardiology #a4c
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Heart Disease - Mitral ... Stenosis on Echocardiogram ... cardiac chambers dilated ... (7) patient in atrial ... clinical #cardiology #a4c
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... - Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... cardiology #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble