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nephrology algorithm hypercalcemia metabolic renal workup acute aki alkalosis hyponatremia insufficiency management polyuria stones treatment ai casts hypertension hypocalcemia infectiousdiseases
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... , urine microscopy ... , serum calcium ... Optional: urinary ... #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... test (with 24-h urine ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... due to decreased urinary ... #differential # ... diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... phosphate: alkaline urine ... #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... - Diagnostic of ... #key #diagnosis
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Diagnosis Algorithm ... or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones: • Urinary ... solubility: • Low urine ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
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