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diagnosis algorithm nephrology aki clinical hematuria workup acute acutekidneyinjury blood casts colovesical cystoscopy ddxof em fistula frost gout hypercalcemia hypertension
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... /bladder US w/ PVR ... ) - Urinary tract ... #Differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Differential ... test (with 24-h urine ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Hypertension #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria Important Historical Elements: - Painless: suggests malignancy - Painful: suggests calculi/infection - Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... throughout (upper urinary ... tract), terminal (bladder ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... of Water: • Primary ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal ... "overactive bladder
Colovesical Fistula on Cystoscopy A 72-year-old woman presented to the urology clinic with a 2-week history of
presented to the urology ... passing gas in her urine ... treatment for a urinary ... bacteria, and a urine ... Causes of colovesical
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