14 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... test (with 24-h urine ... alcohol induced - Urinary ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Hypertension #Differential
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... ) - Urinary tract ... #Differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... • Sarcoidosis (elevated ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
associated with urologic ... RBC's, cellular casts ... , proteinuria, elevated ... properly collected urine ... with cystoscopy & renal