2457 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Types of Spontaneous Abortion 
 - Threatened 
 - Inevitable 
 - Incomplete 
 - Complete
of Spontaneous Abortion ... #Spontaneous #Abortion ... #Types #OBGyn #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Miscarriage - Types and Definitions

Threatened, Inevitable, Incomplete, Missed, Recurrent

#Miscarriage #Types #Definitions #Obstetrics #Classifcation #OBGyn #Abortion
Classifcation #OBGyn ... #Abortion
Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Environmental:
 • Toxin (organic solvents, mercury, lead)
 •
Pregnancy Loss - Differential ... #Spontaneous #Abortion ... #Differential # ... Causes #Obstetrics #OBGyn
Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-Gynecologic:
• Genitourinary (Infection, Stone)
• Gastrointestinal (Appendicitis, Gastroenteritis, Diverticulitis,
Pelvic Pain - Differential ... • Spontaneous abortion ... #Pelvic #Pain #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #OBGyn
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #differential
The Causes of Per Vaginal Bleeding

#Vaginal #Bleeding #Differential #Causes #Diagnosis #OBGyn #Gynecology
Vaginal #Bleeding #Differential ... Causes #Diagnosis #OBGyn