106 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... Normal, Renin High ... • Drugs • Addison's ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Excretion: • Addison ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
ALL patients - High ... measures fail - Potassium ... oxalate food - Potassium ... alkalinisation: potassium ... alkalinization: potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Excretion: • Addison ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's ... sodium • ↑ Serum potassium ... Check sodium, potassium ... insufficiency #addisons
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
TTKG should be high ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
hepatitis, T1DM, Addisons ... • Lymphoma • High
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
exercise, fasting, high-carb ... - low TSH with high ... fT4 or high T3 ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... mmol creatinine) High ... Low-normal EABV, High ... piperacillin • High ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Renal failure, Addison's ... diagnosis #calcium #high