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diagnosis differential causes hypokalemia management algorithm hyperkalemia low medications action crrt high metabolic nephron replacement sites table therapy treatment acidosis
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology # ... nephrology #medications
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... summary #table #nephrology
Renal Actions of Diuretics #Diuretics #Sites #Action #Nephron #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Renal Actions of ... Diuretics #Diuretics ... Action #Nephron #Pharmacology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Losses Non-renal ... intake (anorexia, dementia ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Piretanide Potassium ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... , Potassium depletion ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
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