41 results
Renal Actions of Diuretics

#Diuretics #Sites #Action #Nephron #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Renal Actions of ... Diuretics #Diuretics ... Action #Nephron #Pharmacology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... intake (anorexia, dementia ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Metolazone Loop diuretics ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... , Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Bartter syndrome ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... losses, Diuretic ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... , Bartter Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology