24 results
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
(Contralateral motor ... • Aphasia • Apraxia ... Cognition/Confusion, Dementia ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... WeaknessSpinal ... Trauma, Tumor • Motor ... : Acid maltase deficiency ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Causes of Peripheral ... Neuropathy • Spinal ... Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome ... #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Causes of spinal ... syphilis, and HIV ... Vitamin B12, Copper deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
of injury • Gait ... Cord Causes: 1 ... , HIV, CMV, HTLV ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Upper Motor Neuron ... Lesions of the spinal ... endocrine: Vitamin B12 deficiency ... aminotransferases • Serology ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... The clinical syndrome ... Behavioral • Motor ... dysfunction like gait ... #AIDS #Neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... claudication and weakness ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... #sensory #motor
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
and Myotomes Motor ... anesthesia and deltoid weakness ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... #sensory #motor ... #arm #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... AVM • Multilevel ... lower extremity weakness ... #neurology