11 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
infects the CNS ... proliferation • ARVs ... The clinical syndrome ... dysfunction like gait ... #AIDS #Neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... , limb ataxia, gait ... visual changes, hearing ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Kidney stones caused ... Association class IV ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
nervous system (CNS ... is important, as ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... sensorineural hearing ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
tests such as the ... masses and lymphadenitis ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... zoster virus ○ HIV
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... autoantibodies that will cause ... (for secondary APS ... #neurology #rheumatology
Diagnostic algorithm for differentiating vestibular neuritis from stroke in patients with AVS. This sequence of testing
components: targeted neurologic ... examination plus hearing ... disposition, even if the cause ... CNS, Central nervous ... acute vestibular syndrome
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Bactrim, PCN G-K), K-sparing ... only if no clear cause ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS ... (IV loop diuretic ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
(CES) is usually ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Compensation, Acute vs ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... acidosis: - CNS