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diagnosis algorithm causes hypokalemia hypernatremia low management table diuresis diuretics drugs excretion gitelman high hypomagnesemia hypomg pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... perspiration Renal ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... and metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... #Differential # ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
1) Is it hypotonic ... demyelination syndrome ... administered (through a peripheral ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
overdose) - Sodium ... Fanconi syndrome ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
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