138 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... tubule Bartter Syndrome ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium ... #Renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
HepatoRenal Syndrome - Pathophysiology

Dr. Edgar V. Lerma @edgarvlermamd - Nephrology Secrets https://amzn.to/34t5DgJ

#HRS #HepatoRenal #Syndrome #Pathophysiology #Diagnosis
HepatoRenal Syndrome ... - Pathophysiology ... #HepatoRenal #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)

doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2687 

#hepatorenal #syndrome #HRS #Pathophysiology #nephrology
Pathophysiology ... of hepatorenal syndrome ... #hepatorenal #syndrome ... #HRS #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #nephrology