16 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical findings
 • Pain in lumbar area and gluteal region: (Dull, insidious
more constant as disease ... column) • Late complication ... minor trauma #AnkylosingSpondylitis ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Features of Systemic Lupus ... Fits, Hemiplegia, Ataxia ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... Thrombocytopenia #Lupus ... erythematosus #signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... pain • Extra-CNS complications ... disorders (Systemic lupus ... neurology #symptoms #signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... electrolyte losses - Ataxia ... muscle function, Ataxia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Sickle-cell disease ... Sickle cell disease ... The underlying pathophysiology ... ischaemia. 2) Aplasia ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Allopecia - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hair Loss

Localized / Focal Hair Loss Pattern:
 • Scarring Alopecia:
Capitis - Skin Disease ... : Discoid lupus ... Scarring Alopecia: Lupus ... Examination: • Signs ... of any comorbid disease
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• The disease ... • Significant cause ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology