32 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... , Bartter's syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Differential # ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... UNa > 20: • Acute
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High acute ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... blood volume • Hypovolemia ... losses, hemorrhage, diuretics ... #Diagnosis #nephrology