30 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... Immune mediated injury ... Renal Causes ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... #Kidney #Injury ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... tubular injury ... - Renal infection ... renal disease ... tubular injury
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Sepsis • Blood ... • Inflammatory disease ... • Infection
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Acute Kidney Injury ... thromboembolism, renal ... Post-infectious ... Tubular Injury/
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Urinary tract infections ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Statins - ETOH - Infection ... UA positive for blood ... disease 2. ... #treatment #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... and parasites (infections ... used with normal renal ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... disease — 21%