21 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... for renal biopsy ... #blood #urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... screen, including blood ... cardiac imaging #Acute ... #Kidney #Injury
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... tubular injury ... protein indicating acute ... tubular injury ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Kidney Injury ( ... • Sepsis • Blood ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... #Differential #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... Immune mediated injury ... of glomerular disease ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Acute Kidney Injury ... LC deposition disease ... gammopathy of renal ... Minimal change disease ... malignancies Treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... disease 2. ... hour with goal urine ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... Red blood cell ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... • Red blood cells ... used with normal renal ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... UOP/weights - Urine ... disease — 21% ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology