17 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Acute tubular ... injury • Nondysmorphic ... protein indicating acute ... tubular injury ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... , RBCs, casts, crystals
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... disease 2. ... Loop diuretics for ... #treatment #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... • Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... - Pre-renal disease
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Hypercalcemia (due to diseases ... decr ability of kidneys ... dose salicylates, diuretics ... (RBCs, WBCs, and ... -> Release of purine
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
advanced liver disease ... hepatitis, or acute ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Treatment Overview ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... kidney injury). ... Renal parenchymal disease ... Neurologic disorders