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diagnosis differential management blood cirrhosis product syndrome transfusion activation alkphos anemia arterial astalt basophilia basophils biliary chemistry cholangitis classification coagulation
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism AST and ALT: • AST: liver
Liver Chemistry ... Phosphatase and Bilirubin ... mitochondria (mAST ... initial insult Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework 1) Environment - Fragmentation - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
AIHA, Transfusion reactions ... Defects, Drugs, Liver ... - Unconjugated Bilirubin ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Basophilia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Basophils < 1% of the total white blood cell count Basophils function similarly
function similarly to mast ... during an allergic reaction ... Or Inflammatory Reactions ... Chickenpox Other Causes ... #hematology #basophils
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... : • Liver disease ... Intravascular Causes ... • Transfusion reactions ... classification #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
• Secondary Causes ... deficiency • Liver ... fever • Drug reactions ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions TRALI: • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl • Risk factors: Critical
- Transfusion Reactions ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... #Transfusion #Reactions ... #hematology #diagnosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary PBC Epidemiology: • Female:Male 9:1 • Common European descent • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... slightly elevated • Bilirubin ... or higher • Liver ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... more likely to cause ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours
Syndrome, Ischemic Liver ... considered in all cases ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
Activation Syndrome (MAS ... thrombocytopenia • Liver ... ↑ AST ↑ ALT ↑ bilirubin ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology ... #Rheumatology
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