43 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Diagnosis, and ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Infectious Diarrhea
Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Viral - Noroviruses, astrovirus, adenovirus, Rotavirus, sapovirus
Protozoal - Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium,
Causes of Acute ... Infectious Diarrhea ... #Causes #Acute ... #Infectious #differential ... #diagnosis #table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Poor ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Shock - Differential ... Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... #Table #CriticalCare
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... constipation, diarrhea ... constipation, diarrhea ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... symptoms - Headache, fever ... abdominal pain, diarrhea ... #rheumatology #comparison ... #table