13 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Algorithm UOsm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... #Differential # ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Algorithm Isotonic ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #