43 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Table #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
- Differential Diagnosis ... by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... obstruction to blood flow
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... diarrhea, Kidney ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... diarrhea, Poor ... • Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology