49 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
- Differential Diagnosis ... by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... exacerbation (any cause ... obstruction to blood flow
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
TABLE 2. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications
lBS-diarrhoea (IBS-D)
 - >25% loose or watery stools; <25% hard
syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications ... lBS-diarrhoea ... constipation and diarrhoea ... Subclassifications #Classes ... #Diagnosis #Diarrhea
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... hypoglycemia • Low ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... #Metformin #Pharmacology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Warm Extremities
 - Distributive Shock - Low JVP
- Differential Diagnosis ... Distributive Shock - Low ... Vomiting • Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential