11 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Osmotic diuresis (see ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Burns • Diarrhea ... Sleep Apnea • Chronic ... #Causes #Hematology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diarrhea • Kidney ... the indicated causes ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Anxiety, pain, fever ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Fever in the Immunocompromised Host - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Structural Defect - Asplenia/HypospIenism
 • Bacteremia/Septic
Causes of Fever ... Bronchitis • Chronic ... Diarrhea • Giardia ... Infection #Fever ... #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... net charge) • Diarrhea ... RTA Type II • Carbonic ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Causes
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... symptoms - Headache, fever ... abdominal pain, diarrhea ... Atopic diseases, Chronic ... spontaneous urticaria, Chronic
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... , Heat stroke, Fever ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology