12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... volume loss - diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... GI Absorption: Chronic ... Diarrhea, Antacids ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... diarrhea, Poor ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Burns • Diarrhea ... JAK-2 Positive - Low ... Sleep Apnea • Chronic ... #Causes #Hematology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diarrhea • Kidney ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Post-Transplant Diarrhea - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Post-transplant diarrhea (≥ 3 loose or liquid stools per day)
and Management Algorithm ... Malabsorption workup ... in case of chronic ... Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm ... #nephrology #renal