51 results
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
, Hypokalemia, Erectile ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... - Pregnancy, Hyperkalemia ... Pgp-dependent drugs (e.g ... statins, digoxin) Beta
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
and Management Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia ... #Bradycardia #Algorithm
Beta Blocker Side Effects / Toxicity
Cardiac Side Effects:
 • Sinus bradycardia, AV block, Heart failure exacerbation,
Beta Blocker Side ... bradycardia, AV block ... exacerbation, Beta ... syndrome (e.g. ... Facilitation of hyperkalemia
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... potassium • Beta ... blockers • Antibiotics ... cell membrane - Beta ... #nephrology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... Sodium-channel blockers ... • Increased EC ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... potassium • Beta ... blockers • Antibiotics ... cell membrane - Beta ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Low EABV (e.g ... • ENaC blockers ... nephropathy • Beta ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High or Normal ... Low PTH: • High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Aldosterone blockers ... glycosides • High ... • Aldosterone blockers ... - MCW Nephrology