8 results
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... : ↑ Bone resorption ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... intestinal calcium absorption ... in the bone • ... in the bone • ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... ↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... , Bony Mets ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
- No systemic absorption ... risk of adynamic bone ... increased risk of low bone ... of iron that may ... decrease iron and
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Resorption (e.g ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
Bone resorption ... that facilitate resorption ... an increase in ion ... #Pathophysiology ... #Resorption #RANKL
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
incr gut Ca2+ absorption ... is inhibited by iron ... phosphorous in bones ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology