27 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... #Causes #differential
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Used Phosphate Binders ... - No systemic absorption ... - Significant absorption ... significant systemic absorption ... #Table #Comparison
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... @kdjhaveri #Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption # ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Phosphate Binders ... less GI calcium absorption ... and metal-free binder ... and metal-free binder ... #Table #Comparison
The following table from MacGregor (1997) summarizes the bioavailability of many commonly used antibiotics:
#EBM #Pharmacology #InfectiousDiseases
The following table ... summarizes the bioavailability ... #Antibiotics #Absorption ... PeakSerumLevels #Bioavailability ... #Table #first10em
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased intake/absorption ... Malabsorption, Phosphate binder ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... renal magnesium absorption ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Decreased calcium absorption ... Decreased intestinal absorption ... Rhabdomyolysis #Hypocalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes