28 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Acetazolamide, Loop ... Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability ... , Absorption # ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table ... HalfLife #Dosing #Loop
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Excretion (IV potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
empagliflozin LOOP ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Isosmotic reabsorption ... organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... limb of Henle's loop ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased intake/absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... • Thiazide or loop ... other • Severe potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... MGUS - Poor reabsorption ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes