24 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... -12, or folate deficiency ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... HUS) • Other: Transfusion ... implicated) - Transfusion ... G6PD deficiency) ... Extravascular #Causes
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... DAT (-) → G6PD Deficiency ... Immune mediated hemolysis ... disease, drugs, transfusions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium ... more likely to cause
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... WBCs - Decreased ... Bleed • Hemolysis ... • Early Iron Deficiency
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... drugs - Transfusion ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... tissue necrosis Decreased