15 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... -12, or folate deficiency ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... potassium from
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Crush injury • Blood ... • Recent IV potassium ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... DAT (-) → G6PD Deficiency ... disease, drugs, transfusions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Crush injury • Blood ... • Recent IV potassium ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Blood Transfusion ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... potassium from
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... diet • Blood ... transfusion • ... Tumor lysis/hemolysis
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... drugs - Transfusion ... of aged blood ... - Hemolysis (in ... tissue necrosis Decreased
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... dietary intake • Blood ... transfusion • ... of injection Decreased
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Insulin deficiency ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... hyperkalemia: Blood ... #potassium #high