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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia potassium management nephrology blood hematology product reactions acanthocytes algorithm anemia bite blister burrcells cabotrings chatter classification clinical
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
• Febrile Non-Hemolytic ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... phlebotomy High ... - Transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... phlebotomy High ... - Transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Several artifacts can cause significant and potentially misleading alterations to measured RBC parameters: 1. Old samples
falsely high Hgb ... hence a falsely high ... Hemolysis causes ... PCV to decrease ... PCV and MCV to decrease
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ICH Management: 1. Manage Blood Pressure •
) because they increase ... consider platelet transfusion ... reduces CPP) • High ... = dilated BV = raises ... High ICP: 20.
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... massive blood transfusion ... mental status, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased
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