7 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia High ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... High mortality. ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... glycosides • High ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
Several artifacts can cause significant and potentially misleading alterations to measured RBC parameters: 
1. Old samples
falsely high Hgb ... Hemolysis causes ... PCV to decrease ... PCV and MCV to decrease ... Echinocytes #BurrCells #Bite
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... consider platelet transfusion ... reduces CPP) • High ... = dilated BV = raises ... High ICP: 20.
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... Hyperkalemia (high ... binds to the same site ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... massive blood transfusion ... mental status, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased