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diagnosis differential management hematology hyperkalemia pulmonary benefits blood coagulation dic disseminated dm2 edema elevated elevation false hba1c hemorrhage hgba1c hydroxyurea
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... Cell Disease • Decreases ... number of pain crises ... 24%) • Fewer transfusions ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Hemolysis on labs ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
incompatible blood transfusion ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treat primary cause ... hydration • RBC transfusion ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ICH Management: 1. Manage Blood Pressure •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... ) because they increase ... consider platelet transfusion ... = dilated BV = raises ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
massive blood transfusion ... mental status, decreased ... respiratory rate, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased ... • Pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... RBC's does not increase ... survivability with a ↓ hemolysis ... Phosphate is a cause ... respiratory #hypoxia #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... tissue necrosis Decreased
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