16 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... Cell Disease • Decreases ... number of pain crises ... 24%) • Fewer transfusions ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Hemolysis on labs ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
massive blood transfusion ... mental status, decreased ... respiratory rate, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased ... • Pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... • Pathophysiology ... , and CXR with pulmonary
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- CHF - Pulmonary ... action potential threshold ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Noncardiogenic pulmonary ... Causes include: ... edema) • Transfusion-related
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Intravascular hemolysis ... athletic training, Pulmonary ... MALABSORPTION • Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
incompatible blood transfusion ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treat primary cause ... hydration • RBC transfusion ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes