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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia algorithm nephrology hematology management pathophysiology pharmacology classification high cardiology workup anemia antiarrhythmics blood classes comparison deficiency endocrinology
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Reduction == Increase ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... HgbA1c #Laboratory #Increase ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Diagnostic algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... failure • Drugs Increased ... diet • Blood transfusion ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium ... more likely to cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Transfusion ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased WBCs - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased ... WBCs - Decreased ... Infiltration - Increased ... Bleed • Hemolysis
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... increased blood ... This decreases blood ... excretion, BUT will increase ... which means it increases
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Transfusion ... hypoperfusion Increased ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
cell and sodium increase ... concentrations increase ... inhibited so it won't increase ... This increase of ... intracellular calcium causes
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
• Febrile Non-Hemolytic ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... products contain potassium ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Increased ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased
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