56 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... #Differential # ... Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg ... tuberculosis) • Vitamin ... Osteolytic Metastasis, Vitamin
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
After Gastric Bypass ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... Deficiencies #Gastric #Bypass ... #table #differential ... #diagnosis #bariatric
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... due to increased Vitamin ... #VitaminD #causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Lithium • Vitamin ... Bone Disease Vitamin ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Workup #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndromes Excess vitamin ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... #Differential # ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... Pernicious anemia, Bypass ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin ... Deficiency #Cobalamin #differential ... #diagnosis #causes