15 results
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
ammonium phosphate; secondary ... to elevated urine ... levels, low urine ... pH, and low urinary ... These mutations cause
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... - Differential ... abuse/ withdrawal Anatomic ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... : • Urinary tract ... urine volume ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Impaired forward flow ... nephropathy • Secondary ... • Prolonged hypotension ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypertension ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
- Differential ... of Water: • Primary ... • Central Dl (Low ... www.youtube.com/c/ ... #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... of Kidney Stones ... Calcium Oxalate: Primary ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #nephrology #differential