21 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... azathioprine Cold ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome (CAS ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemiaCold ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Agglutination - Cold ... inclusions - If infection ... #Anemia #Differential ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic ... Causes: • Liver disease ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... drug induced • Infections ... classification #hematology
Listeriosis Summary - Listeria Monocytogenes
Pathogen: Listeria Monocytogenes - Gram-positive rod, Aerobic, facultative anaerobe, motile, beta-hemolytic, Non-spore-forming
Risk
, motile, beta-hemolytic ... PPI use Food: Cold ... Pregnancy • CNS ... ) • CSF (CNS Infection ... infectiousdiseases #treatment
Listeriosis Summary - Listeria Monocytogenes
Pathogen: Listeria Monocytogenes - Gram-positive rod, Aerobic, facultative anaerobe, motile, beta-hemolytic, Non-spore-forming
Risk
, motile, beta-hemolytic ... PPI use Food: Cold ... Pregnancy • CNS ... ) • CSF (CNS Infection ... infectiousdiseases #treatment
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute: Trauma, COPD ... Chronic: Asthma, COPD ... Tamponade • Chronic: Anemia ... , Anaphylaxis, Infection ... hernia, Obesity CNS
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... Internal (RBC) - Infections ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease