19 results
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Other brainstem syndromes ... • Transverse myelitis ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
(CES) is usually ... - Emergency Causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... • Transverse myelitis ... #causes #neurology
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Myositis/pyomyositis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... the lung) - CNS ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Rapid. highly accurate ... renal stones - Accurate ... obstruction - Able ... in pregnancy (lower ... access to the lower
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... pseudotumor • Orbital myositis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Triceps power is ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
Horner's Syndrome ... both upper and lower ... consistent with a diagnosis ... experience, the cause ... ophthalmology #physicalexam
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... females Differential Diagnosis ... : • CN Ill Palsy ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam