10 results
Hypotension in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Initial checklist: 
 - Verify BP (e.g. surgeon
Hypotension in Anesthesiology ... - Differential ... - Check other vital ... loss / venous compression ... #Differential #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Pituitary Stalk Compression ... Production • Renal ... Breast #Discharge #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
FHH — check the ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
Diagnosis Adrenal ... - Check ACTH ... Then, check cortisol ... Step 3) Differentiate ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... gland removal Renal ... Hypocalcemia #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Decreased calcium ... 1,25(OH2)D3 - Renal ... Syndromes Increased calcium ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology