1765 results
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Extra-renal losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Urine Specific Gravity ... Gravity = Density of urine ... ADH) • CHF • Cirrhosis ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Urine ... #differential #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
heart failure • Cirrhosis ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
heart failure • Cirrhosis ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
(e.g. advanced cirrhosis ... proteinuria) • ↓ urine ... 2 HRS) • Low urine ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... EABV (e.g., CHF, cirrhosis ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Contraindicated in cirrhosis ... Saline: • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Contraindicated in cirrhosis ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Guide

#Diagnosis #Path #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy #Chart #Guide #atlas
Urine Microscopy ... Diagnosis #Path #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy