12 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine can induce color ... hematuria • Signs ... Hematuria: • Stone ... • Infection (Viral ... #causes #urology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
Pathogenesis and clinical ... retroperitoneal masses ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
resorption, Incr renal ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... Stones) Cardiac ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... ultrasound ... Exclude other AKI causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of congestion ... importantly, bedside ultrasound ... ECG is vital while ... forward flow to the kidneys ... the determined cause
Peripelvic Cyst on Renal POCUS
60s f admitted with acute pyelonephritis, CT scan reveals no hydronephrosis/stone/abscess, continues
hydronephrosis/stone ... collecting system stone ... LFTs normal Diagnosed ... to help confirm diagnosis ... #clinical #ultrasound
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... • Symptoms and signs ... decreased muscle tone ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes