13 results
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... carcinoma - Stone ... stone • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord
Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
anal sphincter tone ... this is the cauda equina ... The cauda equina ... SpinalCord #Diagnosis #Neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... disturbance • Bladder ... palpation of the bladder ... decreased rectal tone ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Flags: bowel or bladder ... Symptoms • Cauda Equina ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Incontinence - Distended bladder ... disease, cauda equina ... medications • Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
bladder continence ... roots -> Cauda equina ... decreased muscle tone ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid Stones ... - 10% of stones ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: • Stone ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... stones/polyps ... Renal/Ureter/Bladder ... causes #urology #nephrology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
variable weakness, bladder ... Conus Medullaris - Bladder ... types) • Cauda Equina ... sensory loss, bladder ... syndromes #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
• Neurogenic Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm