13 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
, confusion, seizures ... history (cardiac, liver ... , renal disease) ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Euvolemic ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... - diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... nephrotic syndrome) Euvolemic ... always exclude: CKD ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pancreatitis, Trauma Euvolemia ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Other • Trauma / Concussion ... - Excesses • Liver ... /Renal Failure ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Pancreatitis • Euvolemia ... Heart Failure, Liver ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Hx of AKI/CKD ... - TTE/liver fxn? ... 21% - AKI on CKD ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm