25 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... - Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Classification #Differential
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic: Conn ... #Differential # ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... failure • Chronic ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Options Stabilize ... (if preserved renal ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Kidney Disease - Differential ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
- Differential ... Increased Serum K = Hyperkalemic ... tract obstruction, Chronic ... Tubular #Acidosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... deficiency • Renal ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology