2201 results
Effect of Selected Diseases on Complement Levels - C3, C4
 • SLE C3 ↓ C4 ↓↓
• SLE C3 ↓ C4 ... MCGN type 1 C3 ↓ C4 ... ↓↓ • Cryo C3 ... angiooedema C3 C4 ... #differential #
Glomerulonephritis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
ANCA:
 • C-ANCA: GPA (Wegener's)
 • P-ANCA: Microscopic Polyangiitis, Eosinophilic GPA (Churg
Glomerulonephritis - Differential ... Membranoproliferative • ↓C4 ... Cryoglobulinemia • Normal C3/C4 ... Glomerulonephritis #differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... , Anti-GBM, C3/C4 ... Kidney #Injury #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... blood count with differential ... Anti-ds-DNA, C3/C4 ... Workup #Algorithm #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
symptomatology Differential ... anti-GBM ab, ANA, C3, C4 ... Renal #Syndrome #differential
Subtypes of Serum Proteins

Pre-albumin (Transthyretin)
Albumin
Globulins
 • Alpha-1: Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Serum amyloid A, Ceruloplasmin, Corticosteroid-binding globulin (Transcortin),
• Beta: C3 and C4
EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Domains:
 • Constitutional domain: Fever
 • Cutaneous domain: Non-scarring
Low C3 or low C4 ... Low C3 and low C4
Formation of Trunks and Cords of the Brachial Plexus
The spinal nerves of segments C5 – Th1
also of segments C4
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Motor Reflex C4 ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential
Diagnosis and Management of Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (HUV)

Diagnosis of HUV
1) Chronic urticaria 
2) Leukocytoclastic vasculitis 
3)
Hypocomplementemia (C3 and/or C4