44 results
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... • Renal potassium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
for the workup ... The diagnostic workup ... suppressed PTH values ... calcium-creatinine ratio cutoff value ... #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
8.0 mg/dL • Potassium ... age and sex) • Cardiac ... other symptomatic hypocalcemia ... treatment • Hypocalcemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... Zona Fasciculata: Cushing ... Hormone #Evaluation #Diagnosis ... #workup #endocrinology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... ↓ Aldosterone: Cushing ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... previously stable values ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis ... Summary Clinical Signs ... : • hyperCalcemia ... nephropathy and hypercalcemia ... ratio >100 if FLC value
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... Algorithm To assess potassium ... The TTKG: During hypokalemia ... be <3; greater values ... #Hypokalemia #Diagnosis
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... phase O of the cardiac ... the cell, serum potassium ... , in states of hypokalemia ... (or low potassium