16 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... (mb) granular cast ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Mediastinal Mass:
 • Thymus (Thymoma, carcinoma, hyperplasia, cyst)
 • Lymphoma
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Bronchogenic cysts ... , Pericardial Cysts ... Tumors • Vascular Mases ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... of a cellular cast ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... • “Muddy brown cast ... #nephrology #casts
Bone Lesion on X-Ray - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Exostotic
 • Osteochondroma
Asymptomatic &/or Non-Active Bone Scam
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Unicameral Bone Cysts ... Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ... Sarcoma #Bony #Mass ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... cell) • Renal Mass ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Renal Mass - Differential ... contrast - Simple Cysts ... sized kidneys, No cysts ... Multiple bilateral cysts ... Enlarged kidneys, Cysts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
- Differential Diagnosis ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential Diagnosis ... blood cells on urine ... • Neoplasm/Cyst ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Algorithm #Causes
Stridor - Differential Diagnosis Framework:
High-pitched, variable respiratory sound

ETIOLOGIES:
Infectious:
 • Retropharyngeal abscess
 • Acute epiglottitis
 • Peritonsillar
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Bronchogenic cyst ... Hemangioma • Tracheal mass ... #causes #pulmonary ... #airway #physicalexam