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diagnosis differential anemia oncology management algorithm dermatology rheumatology hemolysis workup extravascular intravascular leukemia product reactions vasculitis agep agglutinin allergy aplastic
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Causes of Extravascular ... • Sickle cell ... circulation - Infections ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... drug induced • Infections ... udaygulati #Hemolytic ... #classification ... #hematology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Malaise, bleeding, infections ... -> AML: Blast crises ... pain, bleeding, infections ... bruising, bleeding, infection ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
lymphoid malignancy (CLL ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • Blood ... malignancies -> CLL ... sensitize red blood ... #anemia #hematology
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Infectious • Bacterial • Viral (EBV) • Parasitic • Fungal Congestive
Causes of Splenomegaly ... Diagnosis Algorithm Infectious ... Serum Sickness Hemolytic ... Disease • Sickle Cell ... #Hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
weeks without infection ... Scoring system: DDX ... Lymphocytosis: Absolute blood ... lymphocyte > 5000/microL ... workup #oncology #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
(e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... defects (e.g. sickle cell ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #Anemia #MCV #Classification ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... myeloid leukemia (CML ... #hematology #secondary
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